What benefits are established for the visually impaired?

Criteria for assigning visual disability

On average, every year about 55 thousand Russians receive a visual disability group.
This concept includes a very wide range of indicators of impaired visual perception, from small deviations to a significant loss of photosensitivity and complete blindness. To recognize a person as disabled, the indicator of visual acuity and his ability to self-care are taken into account. The last criterion includes:

• the ability to move independently without assistance;
• ability to communicate;
• free orientation in space;
• behavior control;
• ability to learn;
• opportunity to carry out work.

These indicators can have different severity, limiting a person’s capabilities to varying degrees, reducing the level and quality of life.

When determining disability, a comprehensive assessment of all indicators is required. However, when studying anomalies and pathologies of the visual organs and a person’s ability to perceive the surrounding world, an important role is given to the state of the healthiest eye. Based on this, the medical commission decides on the award of one of the disability groups, determined according to the severity of visual perception dysfunctions and the imposed restrictions on living conditions. The criteria for each degree are approved by the International Classification of Diseases and include:

• acuity index and visual field range;
• main electrophysiological coefficients;
• degree of vision performance.

Criteria for assigning visual disability

Disability group I is provided to people with severe, irreversible damage to the optic nerves and loss of more than 85% of visual perception up to blindness in two eyes. The loss of visual functions of the dominant eye is characterized as severe (III degree) or significantly pronounced (IV degree), while a person cannot carry out his life activities without outside help and social protection.

Group II is determined by overall visual acuity in the range from 0.1 to 0.05 and pronounced loss of functions of the visual apparatus (III degree). Typically, people with this disability group are visually impaired and require significant social support.

Group III is characterized by the overall visual acuity of the healthiest eye from 0.3 to 0.1. The medical commission recognizes the loss of functions of the visual organs as moderate (II or I degree), since a person cannot partially take care of himself, but also needs minor social protection.

When granting disability due to vision loss, only the patient’s ability to visual perception is taken into account, but also all diseases indicated in his medical record (severe, congenital, chronic), general health, place of residence and environmental well-being of the region, as well as age group . Social indicators and material security may be important.

For what type of vision is a child given a disability?

Contents [Show]

Visual disability is issued to visually impaired people, provided that there is no prospect that vision will improve in the near future.

When carrying out the procedure for assigning disability, the reasons that provoked blindness are not taken into account.

The determination of the disability group depends on the conditions under which a person is recognized as having poor vision.

This issue is regulated in the addition to the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation,” which was adopted in February 2006, number 95. It sets out the conditions under which a person officially becomes visually disabled.

In order for a person to be recognized as disabled, it is not enough to simply have poor eyesight ; at least two criteria must be met to determine the possibility of becoming disabled.

Criteria for receiving visual disability in Russia:

• Loss of the ability to independently navigate the terrain, move around in the apartment and on the street, use the library, work with a PC and work at full capacity;
• A person has a persistent disorder of body functions (in this case, vision);
• The patient needs state support and can receive rehabilitation (restoration of work skills) or habilitation (formation of work or social skills in a person that he previously did not have).

The disability group also depends on how seriously the person is ill and to what extent he is limited in activities. All minor patients who meet these criteria are classified into one category: “disabled child.”

To determine disability, the following regulations are used:

• International Classification of Diseases, Revision 10, which sets out the degree of visual impairment that influences the definition of disability group;
• “Appendix to the Rules for Recognizing a Person as Disabled,” which states that a narrowing of the field of vision to 10 degrees, its complete absence, or a decrease in visual acuity to 0.03 becomes a reason for assigning a disability.

For what type of vision is disability given in Russia, the classification is as follows:

• With visual acuity from 0.1 to 0.3, visual field of 20 – 40 degrees and the second degree of impairment, the person is assigned group 3 visual disability;
• If visual acuity ranges from 0.05 to 0.1 with a field of view from 10 to 20 degrees, then this is defined as the third degree of impairment and disability group 2 in vision;
• If a person is completely blind or his visual acuity is up to 0.04, with a visual field of no more than 10 degrees, then he is recognized as having a fourth degree of visual impairment and is assigned disability group 1.

More details in the table about the criteria for determining the disability group:

Now you know in what cases and for what type of vision a visual disability is granted, but where to turn?

A short list of actions on how to register a visual disability in Russia:

1. After a thorough examination and treatment by a private or public ophthalmologist, obtain a referral from him for a medical and social examination (MSE). Note: if the doctor refuses to issue a referral, he must provide a certificate of refusal, with which the patient can contact the body conducting the examination;
2. If you have received a referral, go to the ITU office at your place of registration and undergo an examination. If you have received a certificate of refusal, also contact the bureau, they will conduct an examination and decide whether you need to undergo a full examination.
3. If the examination results are positive, you will be assigned a disability. If the commission refuses, you can submit an application for review of the examination results to the same bureau where you took it. Then the examination will be carried out at the main office. If you are not satisfied with the result there, ask to convene a different composition of the commission.

The procedure for obtaining a visual disability takes a different period depending on the situation. The first stage of collecting certificates and receiving a referral to ITU can last about a week. Then the submitted documents undergo examination within one month. The commission draws up its decision in approximately three days and sends it to the necessary medical and social institutions.

If disability has already been assigned:

1. You must submit a certificate to the local social security authorities to apply for benefits.
2. Then you should go to the pension fund for timely payment of a visual disability pension.

And now more details.

An ophthalmologist can determine the group of visual impairment. Despite the fact that there are certain criteria by which the severity of the disorder is determined, only a professional can make a diagnosis. Therefore, if the patient does not agree with which disability group is assigned to him, before seeking legal help, he needs to visit another ophthalmologist.

In order to obtain a disability, you can be examined not only by a state ophthalmologist, but also by a private ophthalmologist.

Any medical organization can provide a referral for an examination . To do this, it is necessary for an ophthalmologist to determine the presence of complete or partial blindness after diagnosis and treatment.

In addition to medical organizations, a pension fund or social protection authorities can send a person for examination. After the citizen receives the relevant documents from the medical institution and representatives of these services see that the person is in need of government assistance.

If they refuse to send a person for examination in order to conduct an examination and resolve the issue of assignment of disability, then the citizen has the right to demand a certificate from representatives of these organizations. This document must confirm that the citizen actually applied for a referral, but they refused to issue it to him.

With this document, a person must contact the body responsible for conducting the examination, where they will examine it and decide whether it is really necessary.

The examination is carried out in special institutions : the Federal Bureau of ITU (medical and social examination), the main bureau of ITU or its branches. The patient goes there at his place of residence.

If the patient needs additional examination, then he may be referred to the main or federal bureau.

If a person himself cannot come to the institution where the sanitary-medical examination is being carried out, because he is in serious condition and cannot be transported, then the examination is transferred to the patient’s home or to a hospital where he is undergoing treatment, and a decision is made in absentia.

In addition, experts pay attention to the psychological portrait of the patient, in what conditions he lives and performs his work, and then the question is put to a vote. A positive decision is made if there is a majority of votes.

In some cases, a patient may be refused to be assigned a disability or assigned a group other than the one he expected; then the results may be appealed.

To do this, you must submit an application to review the results. In this case, the examination will be carried out at the main or federal bureau.

If it was carried out at the main bureau, then you can ask for the convening of another group of specialists.

A re-examination is carried out a month after the application was submitted, under the same conditions. And if the patient is again not satisfied with the results, he needs to go to court.

A visually disabled person receives the following rights:

• The right to social protection, which includes social guarantees;
• Right to medical care;
• The right to access social infrastructure;
• The right to education;
• The right to provide housing;
• Right to employment;
• Material benefits in the form of a pension, insurance payment;
• Social services;

If necessary, a disabled person can be provided with urgent social services , which consists of the following:

• Providing basic necessities and clothing;
• One-time purchase of food products;
• Obtaining a place of temporary residence;
• One-time provision of emergency medical care;
• Organization of medical, psychological or legal assistance.

Prohibitions for visually impaired people depend on what disability group is assigned. People with the first and second groups cannot drive vehicles or engage in potentially hazardous types of work.

The size of the pension and social benefits depend on the disability group, the presence of disabled relatives in the family and the region of residence. In addition, visually impaired people receive tax benefits.

In order to determine disability, you need to contact an ophthalmologist, and then social services.

It’s good when a person can feel calm in the environment, enjoy the view from the window and see their loved ones.

But this is not always possible. This is especially true for people who have vision problems.

Since they have serious vision problems, they have no choice but to register for themselves a certain disability group.

But how to do that? What are the general criteria for obtaining the status of a visually disabled person?

This type of disability is received by citizens who have either completely lost their sight or whose ability to see is very limited, and without outside help it is impossible to engage in both work and simple household activities.

reasons why vision can be lost:

• congenital visual defect;
• various disorders of the eyeball;
• presence of problems with age;
• received work injuries and so on.

Such citizens very rarely have the opportunity to lead a normal life. Simply crossing the road turns into one big problem for them.

Despite the fact that they have no other health problems, they cannot do anything without visually inspecting what is happening around them.

Today, the issue of visual disability is regulated by the following laws :

1. Federal Law No. 181, which clearly defines social protection for all categories of disabled people;
2. Federal Law No. 46, which provides rights for people with disabilities;
3. Resolution of the Ministry of Health, which clearly defines the procedure and conditions for obtaining visual disability.

According to current legislation, the main criteria for receiving visual disability are:

• a person has a health disorder, which is characterized by a disorder of certain body functions. Regarding this disability, we are talking about complete or partial loss of vision;
• citizens are completely or partially unable to move independently and navigate in space. Moreover, a person cannot study normally due to the lack of opportunity to read the educational material;
• a person who has vision problems is in dire need not only of government support, but also of rehabilitation.

But, it is worth paying special attention to one fact: in order to receive disability, at least 2 conditions must be met. And in most cases it is very difficult to prove this to the commission.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that determining membership in any disability group rests entirely with the ophthalmologist .

According to current legislation, vision that is no more than 0.03, or the presence of complete blindness, is a key reason for recognizing the degree of disability on a permanent basis. In simple terms, you won’t need to go through the commission again every year.

But there is a small nuance: if a person confirms his disability for 10 years annually, he has the right to be issued 11 times on a permanent basis.

If we talk about the classification of visual disability , it is as follows:

1. First disability group. This group can be assigned if there is a 4th degree of visual impairment. The main criterion for this group is considered to be:
   complete blindness
2. presence of visual acuity less than 0.04 diopters;
3. a pronounced narrowing of the boundaries of the visual field of each eye to 100 directly from the point of fixation.
4. Second disability group. It can be assigned only if there are malfunctions in the operation of the visual analyzer. If we talk about the criteria by which the second group can be appointed, they are as follows:
   • presence of visual acuity ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 diopters;

   a pronounced narrowing of the boundaries of the visual field of each eye to 10-200 directly from the point of fixation.

   Read also:  Are eyelash extensions and contact lenses compatible?

It is worth noting the fact that with this disability group, you can carry out your work activity only in specially equipped places where you can perform manual work without visual inspection.

5. Third disability group. It can be prescribed if there is a 2nd degree of dysfunction of the visual organs. The main criteria for assigning group 3 may be:
   presence of visual acuity ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 diopters;
6. a pronounced narrowing of the boundaries of the visual field of each eye from 20-400 directly from the point of fixation.

In simple terms, group 3 is assigned to people who can visually inspect the environment.

This classification also applies to minor citizens of our country. Only here there is a small nuance: they are assigned the status of a disabled child.

Before proceeding with the registration of disability, you should first undergo a medical examination by an ophthalmologist.

It is worth noting that the patient has the right to independently choose where to go. You can go to a paid clinic, or you can go to a municipal one.

According to current legislation, any clinic has the right to be referred to a medical commission.

The main purpose of the first visit to an ophthalmologist is to directly obtain a referral for an ITU . But at the same time, this direction can be provided both by the Pension Fund and the social protection body.

The medical clinic issues a referral if the fact of complete or partial loss of vision has been established, and the Pension Fund or Social Security - when the patient requires government support.

After the patient has received a referral to medical examination, he will have to collect a list of the following documentation :

• original and copy of identity card (passport);
• original referral to the commission;
• a copy of the work record book, which must be certified by a notary (if the person previously carried out work activities or was registered with the employment center);
• medical card;
• extracts from all clinics where the patient received treatment for his disease;
• application for disability status.

If the ITU commission gives a disability group, the patient receives several documents :

• certificate of assignment of disabled person status;
• rehabilitation program, which is purely individual.

Having collected all the necessary documents and attaching an application of the established form to them, you must contact the federal bureau at your place of residence and submit this entire list. After accepting the application and documents, they will set a date to appear at the commission.

Those citizens who, for any reason, were denied a disability group and do not agree with it, have every right to appeal this decision . Moreover, it is worth noting that you can also appeal the fact that you were assigned the wrong group. Let’s say a person knows that he is entitled to group 2, but he is assigned group 3.

If the commission was carried out through a bureau, then it is necessary to draw up an application and submit it when appealing exclusively to the main bureau. But, if this commission was carried out at the main bureau, it can be appealed to the federal one. This is the pattern.

If we talk about the timing of the re-examination , then it must be carried out no later than 1 calendar month from the moment the decision was made by the initial commission.

But if this time the commission made a decision unsatisfactory for the patient, then there is only one way - to go to court.

Many people ask the question: how do I know which group is assigned to me? Everything is very simple - during the initial examination, the ophthalmologist immediately gives a preliminary assessment of the person’s condition and talks about the possibility of assigning a certain disability group.

If we talk about the size of pensions for the visually impaired, their size is:

• if you have a visual disability of group 3, the monthly benefit is about 4,053 rubles;
• 2 groups – 4769 rubles;
• Group 1, as well as disabled people from childhood, Group 2 – 9538 rubles;
• for disabled children with vision problems, the benefit amount is 11.5 thousand rubles.

As you can see, only disabled children have good benefits. But if we take into account that pensions are indexed annually, we can hope that at the beginning of 2021, the amount of these payments will be slightly increased.

For information on registering disability for keratoconus, watch the following video:

Sooner or later, every person is faced with the fact that visual acuity begins to fall, and the outlines of objects become blurry. The non-visualized world is not so informative, and the quality of life is much lower.

Visual disability: criteria and payments

Why does vision deteriorate?

The reasons leading to a decrease in the functions of the optic nerve can be divided into several groups.

Biological factors associated with processes occurring in the body. These include:

• hereditary mutations of the organs of vision, as well as spontaneous mutations caused by external environmental factors;
• chromosomal disorders;
• birth injuries;
• anomalies and pathologies of fetal development, resulting in disruption of the work and functions of the structure of the optic nerve;
• congenital defects of the eye muscles;
• curvature and cloudiness of the lens;
• violation of the homogeneity of the vitreous body;
• changes in the structure of the cornea;
• retinal abnormalities;
• age-related changes in the organs of vision;
• changes in the structure of the musculoskeletal system, affecting the blood supply process, and as a result - cerebrovascular accident;
• blood pressure surges;
• stress and nervous shock, excessive moral and emotional stress;
• mental and physical fatigue;
• lack of sleep;
• slagging of the body and the consequences of toxic poisoning;
• traumatic brain injuries;
• unbalanced diet and addiction to fast food, causing a deficiency of vitamins and essential microelements;
• some diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus, acute viral or microbial infections, incl. blood diseases;
• diseases of the cervical and shoulder spine.

Curvature and cloudiness of the lens

Depending on the degree of destruction of the original structure of muscles and tissues, as well as the percentage of lost functions of the visual organs, the consequences of exposure to biological factors may be relatively tolerable or require surgical intervention. Environmental factors This broad group includes the following reasons causing a decrease in visual perception:

• insufficient or poor lighting of the workplace;
• non-compliance with body position and the recommended distance between the book/monitor when reading;
• prolonged eye strain without a rest break;
• consequences of work activity and harmful production factors;
• low-quality or outdated monitor without a special protective screen or with internal defects that affect the quality and clarity of information displayed on the screen;
• living in an ecologically unstable area.

This group also includes bad habits.

Correct positioning of a person at a computer

Social reasons are due to internal embarrassment and awkwardness from wearing vision-correcting lenses or glasses. This usually refers to children who, seeing their peers making fun of their glasses-wearing classmates, do not tell their parents about the problem, deepening the loss of visual function.

Often, several reasons lead to deterioration in visual perception, and the more serious they are, the more significant their impact on the eyes.

On average, every year about 55 thousand Russians receive a visual disability group. This concept includes a very wide range of indicators of impaired visual perception, from small deviations to a significant loss of photosensitivity and complete blindness.

To recognize a person as disabled, the indicator of visual acuity and his ability to self-care are taken into account. The last criterion includes:

• the ability to move independently without assistance;
• ability to communicate;
• free orientation in space;
• behavior control;
• ability to learn;
• opportunity to carry out work.

These indicators can have different severity, limiting a person’s capabilities to varying degrees, reducing the level and quality of life.

When determining disability, a comprehensive assessment of all indicators is required. However, when studying anomalies and pathologies of the visual organs and a person’s ability to perceive the surrounding world, an important role is given to the state of the healthiest eye. Based on this, the medical commission decides on the award of one of the disability groups, determined according to the severity of visual perception dysfunctions and the imposed restrictions on living conditions. The criteria for each degree are approved by the International Classification of Diseases and include:

• acuity index and visual field range;
• main electrophysiological coefficients;
• degree of vision performance.

Criteria for assigning visual disability

Disability group I is provided to people with severe, irreversible damage to the optic nerves and loss of more than 85% of visual perception up to blindness in two eyes. The loss of visual functions of the dominant eye is characterized as severe (III degree) or significantly pronounced (IV degree), while a person cannot carry out his life activities without outside help and social protection.

Group II is determined by overall visual acuity in the range from 0.1 to 0.05 and pronounced loss of functions of the visual apparatus (III degree). Typically, people with this disability group are visually impaired and require significant social support.

Group III is characterized by the overall visual acuity of the healthiest eye from 0.3 to 0.1. The medical commission recognizes the loss of functions of the visual organs as moderate (II or I degree), since a person cannot partially take care of himself, but also needs minor social protection.

When granting disability due to vision loss, only the patient’s ability to visual perception is taken into account, but also all diseases indicated in his medical record (severe, congenital, chronic), general health, place of residence and environmental well-being of the region, as well as age group . Social indicators and material security may be important.

Important! Before reaching adulthood, children are assigned the status of “disabled child,” and upon reaching 18 years of age, they must undergo a re-examination process and confirmation of status and group.

The process of obtaining and processing all papers for granting disability is quite long. The first stage is an examination by an ophthalmologist and confirmation of the person’s right to disability. After which the patient, within the prescribed time frame, undergoes a full medical commission at the clinic at his place of residence, the purpose of which is to draw up a health card and identify all diseases and pathologies of all vital systems. This often leads to the appointment of additional tests and procedures (ultrasound, X-ray, ECG, MRI, etc.)

The first stage is an examination by an ophthalmologist

The next step is to receive certificates and recommendations for registering disability certified by the head physician of the clinic where a full medical examination was carried out. These documents are necessary to pass another medical and social examination (MSE), which makes a final decision on the category of the assigned disability group.

List of required papers and documents:

• referral signed by the head of the clinic to the ITU;
• a written application from the patient for certification of the right to disability;
• original and copy of identity document (passport);
• a notarized photocopy of the work book;
• outpatient medical record and all necessary extracts with stamps;
• an act on an injury received during work, written in form N-1, or on an acquired occupational disease.

There are two types of disability:

Permanent category I disability is assigned to citizens with the following indicators:

• established complete blindness in both eyes;
• provided that under no circumstances, including surgery or other therapy, will the patient's condition improve;
• decreased visual function of both eyes and visual acuity of the leader less than 0.03; concentric narrowing of the visual fields in both eyes to 10° or less, characterized by irreversible pathological changes.

You can legally challenge the decision of a medical and social examination on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 95 “Rules for recognizing a person as disabled” dated February 20, 2006. In this case, a repeat examination is ordered at the federal level and its decision is final. However, there is a possibility of challenging it when a person interested in obtaining a disability group applies to the court.

A person with a confirmed disability has the right to develop an individual rehabilitation program (IRP), which makes it possible to obtain the necessary equipment and technical means for work and professional activities, ensuring a decent standard of living.

Providing benefits to the first disability group

The rehabilitation course program includes medical, pedagogical and psychological assistance, as well as socio-economic protection. Their meaning is to compensate for the limitations received by a disabled person or to improve his living conditions. In addition, IPR helps restore a person’s status at the social level, recognize his rights by society and achieve material independence.

Depending on the assigned group, a set of rehabilitation procedures is selected for the disabled person:

• gymnastics;
• medication or spa treatment;
• surgical intervention.

A visually disabled person is entitled to monthly cash payments, pensions or other financial assistance provided for by social protection within the framework of the pension legislation of the Russian Federation.

Amounts of social cash pensions paid to various groups of people with disabilities since March 31, 2015:

• disabled people of the first group received from birth, and disabled children - 11,645.69 rubles/month;
• disabled people of the second group, assigned in childhood, as well as disabled people of the first group—9838.21 rubles/month;
• disabled people of the second group (excluding persons with a disability assigned since childhood) - 4325 rubles/month;
• disabled people of the third group - 4153.08 rubles/month.

A visually disabled person is entitled to monthly cash payments

Monthly cash payments (MCP) from April 1, 2015:

When calculating cash payments, living conditions and the environmental situation in the region are taken into account, as well as factors that caused a person to lose his sight (work-related or other injury), so the final amount may be higher.

The degree of a person’s performance and suitability for work is determined at the stage of examination by a medical and social commission. When applying for a job, a disabled person is provided with guarantees in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and a workplace that fully complies with the requirements, sanitary and hygienic conditions and recommendations of the medical and social bureau.

A visually disabled person is not allowed to work at high levels of noise and humidity in the work area, in chemical production, or under the influence of harmful industrial and biological factors. The ban includes activities that involve heavy physical or dynamic stress, neuropsychic stress, characterized by an irregular work schedule or an uncomfortable position of the human body.

A visually disabled person has all the same rights as any other member of society: the right to life, work and protection. That is why, within the framework of the social program for the adaptation of people with disabilities, methods for improving their quality of life, mechanisms for protection and socialization are being developed, and special jobs are being introduced in industries.

How to register for a visual disability

To register or re-certify disability due to partial or complete loss of the ability to perceive visual information, adult patients are referred to the regional ITU.

MSE involves undergoing an examination, during which an ophthalmologist (ophthalmologist) gives a certificate about the condition of the optical system.

They choose an institution to obtain a certificate independently; according to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, visual perception testing is carried out in a private clinic or government institution.

The initiator of obtaining disability can be the doctor or the patient himself.

To register a disability, the following documents are collected before contacting the ITU:

• statement;
• passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation (original or copy);
• referral received from an ophthalmologist for medical examination;
• a copy of the document containing records of the citizen’s employment (the work book must be notarized by a notary);
• medical history and treatment (everything is indicated in the medical record, provide it or make a copy and have it certified by a notary, usually the original is required);
• original certificates from clinics where the citizen underwent examinations and treatment.

If necessary, provide a certified certificate of injury at work while working with dangerous machinery or chemicals. After passing the examination, they will receive a certificate of assignment of a disability group and a program developed by the Russian Federation for rehabilitation (it helps to improve the patient’s condition and raise the level of visual perception).

Disability is granted for a year or more, but on a temporary or permanent basis. The result is influenced by the need to obtain measures to ensure minimal sufficient living conditions, help from outsiders, the cause of the deviation, age, diagnosis, and the ability to reverse the process with treatment.

According to current laws at the federal level, there is a special resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation regulating the conditions for obtaining the right of a disabled person to social protection.

Registration of disability for children

To register the disability of children due to severe deterioration of visual perception, the following documents are required:

• referral from an ophthalmologist;
• birth certificate;
• medical card;
• certificates from other clinics where the child was treated.

With the collected documents, they are sent to the ITU at the place of registration, and an application is drawn up. After which parents will be told the date of the commission.

Kinds

As mentioned above, payments to visually disabled people in 2021 are made only on the basis of the category of impairment received. Only an ophthalmologist can determine the presence of a disorder.

Table No. 2 “Classification of disease severity”

Assignment of a category is carried out not only after a superficial analysis, but also after a comprehensive check using technical means. Based on the identified disease, treatment is prescribed. Health checks occur every year.

Important! There are two grounds for obtaining status on a permanent basis. The first is a statement of complete blindness. The second is when the level of disorder does not exceed 0.03 degree. In other groups, if the illness is confirmed for ten years in a row, then after this period the certificate is also given on an ongoing basis.

The general procedure for the initial recognition of a person as disabled:

Let's consider the procedure for obtaining disability for a citizen.

Required documents

To register a disability, a citizen must provide the following documents:

• Passport and its copy;
• Application in format 088/у-06, which must be attached to the package of documents when submitting them to the commission;
• Direction to undergo examination by the ITU commission;
• A copy of the work record book, which is certified by the personnel officer at the last place of work;
• A working citizen provides a certificate about working conditions and the nature of work in the company;
• Students and students must provide a reference from the educational institution;
• Originals and copies of medical documents that confirm the presence of disorders in the functioning of the body;
• SNILS card;
• If a re-examination is carried out, it is necessary to provide a copy of the previous disability report, as well as a rehabilitation program.

Medical commission for examination

After a package of documents has been collected, it is submitted to the ITU regional office for review. The waiting period for an appointment is usually 1 calendar month.

The commission is usually attended by the citizen himself, as well as three specialists. In some situations, third-party specialists who were invited by one of the parties may also be present at the meeting. They have the right to examine the patient and ask the necessary questions. The latter may relate to the health and financial condition of the disabled person, social skills, living conditions, etc.

Attention! New rules adopted in 2021 for obtaining disability establish an examination in absentia. This is possible for people whose disease is on a special list, or living in hard-to-reach areas

A decision in this case is made only on the basis of review of documents.

Protocol of medical specialists

During the inspection of a citizen, members of the commission keep a protocol. On its basis, after a meeting, a decision is made to recognize the citizen as disabled and to refuse this step. A situation may also arise when, without assigning a disability group, the percentage of loss of ability to work will be established.

ITU Act

Based on the results of the survey, a report is issued that contains conclusions on the results of the commission’s work and other information:

• Passport data;
• Information about the education received;
• Information about the conditions in which a disabled person lives;
• Information about the psychological state;
• Degree of loss with expected prognosis;
• Work activity data;
• Other information that is intended to clarify the determination of disability.

Deadlines for re-examination

The period within which a disabled person must appear for re-examination depends on the group assigned to him.
A disabled person of the 1st group must undergo a re-commission once every two years, a disabled person of the 2nd group - annually. For a disabled person of the third group, a period of 1 year is also established, but at the same time he needs to collect additional supporting documents. If a citizen misses the next medical examination, then his disability is removed.

Disabled children must also periodically undergo re-examination, but this depends on the characteristics of each child, whether the disability is acquired or congenital, etc. As a rule, upon reaching 18 years of age, a disabled child must undergo a commission that will assign him a permanent disability group.

Attention! The law also establishes permanent disability, which does not require constant medical examinations.

Disability groups

There are three main disability groups based on vision:

• Group 1 disability is given if a person cannot perform usual activities without outside help. Simply put, if a person is completely blind. In this case, we are talking about disability of the 3rd degree.
• Group 2 disability is given if a person cannot do without the help of outsiders or he needs the creation of special conditions to perform ordinary actions. It is given in cases of persistent, pronounced vision loss. A 2nd degree disability is assigned.
• Group 3 is given if a person can serve himself, but at the same time experiences some difficulties or uses auxiliary means. 1st degree disability.

It is important to note that vision loss does not always lead to disability. In some cases, if vision improves when using lenses or glasses, then disability is not granted.

What groups are there?

Classification of disability groups:

1. First. Receive to people who have confirmed serious damage to the optic nerves beyond the possibility of recovery. Loss of visual acuity is more than 86% or vision is completely absent (two eyes). It is also envisaged to provide disability for this group to people who have decreased visual acuity (one eye), but at the same time the person does not have the ability to independently maintain a normal standard of living, and he needs help from outsiders.
2. Second. To qualify for this group, a person must have a visual acuity of 1.0 to 0.05 and significant loss of eye function. If people have very poor vision and need significant social support, then the commission decides to grant this disability group.
3. Third. To obtain the group, a person must have visual acuity (meaning one healthy eye) of 0.3 to 0.1. In this case, there is moderate vision loss, people can care for themselves only to a certain extent, and the help of others is not required. For example, for myopia with a vision indicator of 10.0-15.0 diopters, the third group is given.

When a person registers for a visual disability, specialists take into account not only the degree of damage to the eyes or eyes, the possibility of independent care, but also other factors. These include secondary diseases (including congenital and acquired, chronic).

Many pathologies provoke a decrease in visual acuity. For this reason, experts take them into account when creating a group. In addition to the above, important factors when assigning disability are: age, place of residence, environmental condition of the area where the person lives and, of course, financial support

But first of all, it is important how much he sees. The size of the pension depends on all these factors

Important! Teenagers under 18 years of age are assigned the status of “disabled child.” When a teenager becomes an adult, this status should be re-certified

At the same time, the size of the pension also changes.

About the rehabilitation program developed individually for a visually impaired person

A personal rehabilitation (habilitation) program is developed for each disabled person. This is evidenced by Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 181. It is advisory in nature and contains: restoration measures, technical means and services that are suitable and necessary for a particular person.

Everything provided by this program is provided free of charge. In fact, authorized local government agencies and organizations are responsible for the implementation of the personal program of a disabled person.

This program is a mandatory amount of activities and medical prescriptions that a disabled person must complete. Excluding anything from it is not only not recommended, but also not allowed. At the same time, the disabled person himself has the right to refuse it completely or partially, but he will not be paid compensation for refusal, since in this situation it is not provided.

Important! A disabled person can purchase the necessary technical equipment at his own expense, and then receive compensation for expenses incurred related to the purchase. The amount of compensation cannot exceed the actual purchase price.

How to get a visual disability in Russia

To obtain a certificate of disability, you will need to take a referral and a medical card from a doctor, and also prepare the following documents:

• Passport and its copy.
• A copy of the work book, certified by the signature of a notary.
• If you have a pension certificate, you must attach it to the package of documents.
• Application for assignment of disability.

The registration process takes place in the following order:

1. First of all, the patient must obtain a report from his doctor, which states that his diagnosis is the basis for prescribing a group.
2. Next, you need to undergo an extended examination in a special direction, which was prescribed by the doctor - fluorography, ECG, ultrasound, etc. Usually the referral contains a large list of specialists, each of whom must give their own opinion on the state of health of the person being examined.
3. With all the conclusions and certificates, you should go to your doctor, who, after reviewing the materials received, should issue a referral to the ITU.
4. At the appointed time, you are required to appear at the ITU, whose members, after an interview, will decide to assign the appropriate group or refuse to assign it.

Permanent disability and re-examination deadlines

It should be taken into account that the disability indicator may worsen over time, since ophthalmic diseases often progress. Therefore, from time to time, patients in the group will need to undergo a re-examination procedure:

• In group 1, re-examination will be required every 2 years.
• For groups 2 and 3 - every year.
• Disabled children require re-examination every year or every two years, or upon reaching adulthood.

Obtaining permanent disability is possible in the following cases:

• In case of complete blindness in both eyes, there is no chance of restoring vision in the future.
• For diseases of the nervous system, against the background of which an ophthalmological disease occurs.
• In the presence of complete deafblindness.
• Re-examination is not required if the vision of one or both eyes, taking into account correction, does not exceed 0.03 diopters, or there is a narrowing of the fields in both eyes of 10 degrees.

What to do if disability is not assigned

The registration procedure takes a long time and can be very tedious for a sick person. It must be taken into account that today many scammers resort to a variety of deceptive schemes to obtain disability benefits - they falsify documents, indicate false data regarding their health status. That is why ITU very carefully checks each certificate and all data provided by the person.

If the patient does not agree with the decision of the ITU, he has the right to appeal it. If necessary, you can appeal the assignment of the wrong group. To do this, you need to contact a higher authority. For example, if the commission was carried out through a bureau, then you need to file an appeal to the main bureau. If the decision to refuse was made by the main bureau, then the complaint should be filed with the federal one.

The re-examination must be carried out no later than 30 days after the initial commission made a decision to refuse. In case of repeated refusal, the patient can go to court.

Are there any differences for adults and children?

There are no particular differences in group design for adults and children. Children and adolescents are assigned the status of a disabled child under 18 years of age. After reaching adulthood, if you have any diagnosis, you must undergo a re-examination procedure.

Various programs have been developed for disabled children that allow them to create special conditions. The ability to use a particular program is indicated in the ITU conclusion. Thanks to such programs, children can:

• Individual training using specially developed methods.
• Be trained in institutions specially designed for visually impaired children.
• Receive special technical equipment that significantly improves the quality of life.
• Receive treatment in sanatoriums and resorts.
• Take advantage of all kinds of rehabilitation programs.

Medical and social examination

Medical and social examination or MSE is a government body whose main activity is examination for the purpose of establishing or removing disability and developing rehabilitation programs for people with disabilities.

Obtaining a referral for a medical and social examination

The citizen receives the form at:

• clinic (if forms are allocated there);
• social security authority;
• pension fund (rarely).

The form is filled out at the clinic serving the patient. The referral must be filled out completely, all entries must be supported by the personal signatures and seals of the doctors, and the completed form must be signed and stamped by the chief physician.

A referral is issued only after all necessary measures to restore the patient’s health, courses of treatment, rehabilitation and habilitation measures, when they did not produce such a result as a result of which the patient’s vision would be restored to lead a normal lifestyle.

Passing a medical and social examination

A citizen comes to the ITU with a package of documents from the medical organization that sent him for examination (usually a district or city clinic).

The package includes the actual referral, filled out by the doctors of the referring medical institution, for a medical and social examination, copies of additional studies (for example, fluorescein angiography, ophthalmic photography, optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, oculogram, tonometry, tonography and others - depending on the main and accompanying diagnoses) .

An extract from the patient’s outpatient record certified by the chief physician of the clinic or other referring medical institution is also provided. The extract should indicate what diagnosis was established at the district clinic, and what concomitant diagnoses were made by other doctors.

Before going to the ITU, a person undergoes a medical commission (except for an ophthalmologist, which goes without saying, it usually includes an otolaryngologist, a surgeon, a neurologist, for women - a gynecologist, for men - a urologist, and lastly - a therapist), passes a series tests and does some research (general urine test, general blood test and blood test for glucose levels, cardiogram, fluorogram).

In case of unfavorable results of tests and studies, the therapist or ophthalmologist will refer you to a cardiologist, phthisiatrician, endocrinologist, phlebologist or other specialist. The referring ophthalmologist in the referral notes the estimated degree of limitation in study or work, self-care, orientation and expresses them as a percentage.

The presence of a previously established disability and the fact, if any, of an early referral to the ITU are also indicated, even if the last time the application ended in a refusal to establish a disability.

The package includes, if available, documents on the person’s employment: a copy of the work book, labor agreement (if the work book is not established), certificates of training in an educational organization, certificates of registration as an entrepreneur or founder of a commercial organization, and others.

ITU specialists study the documents provided to them, assess the general condition of the person sent for examination, the degree of his everyday, social, and work limitations. They do not have the right to demand any other evidence of a person’s visual impairment: additional research, vision testing in the medical organization indicated by them, and so on.

ITU specialists not only recognize a person as a disabled person of a certain category, but also determine the degree of limitation in self-care, education, work, and the need for rehabilitation. Along with the certificate, the disabled person receives an individual rehabilitation program completed in accordance with their needs.

It indicates the need for training in Braille, obtaining, partially or fully at the expense of the budget, special equipment with sound signals (smartphones, laptops), extraordinary sanatorium-resort, hardware, laser treatment, organizing targeted social assistance for a disabled person at home, purchasing at a preferential rate or free guide dogs and others.

Below is the Braille font:

Challenging ITU decisions

If specialists refuse to recognize a person as disabled for the first time or again, or establish a disability of an inappropriate degree of health limitation for the group, he has the right to receive a written refusal and appeal to a higher ITU body.

There are three levels of such examination:

• Level 1 – ITU office in a district or city (if the city is small and not administratively divided into districts);
• Level 2 – main (city or regional) bureau;
• Level 3 – federal bureau.

The complaint must state when and to which ITU specialists the application was made for the determination of disability, what are the grounds for recognizing the applicant as disabled, what are the reasons for the refusal named by the ITU specialists, what are the claims of the applicant to the ITU staff and what are his demands.

If a refusal is received at all levels, it can be appealed in court.

If, during the examination, ITU specialists demanded payment for additional bureau services, studies, tests and examinations, then the patient has the right to file a complaint based on these facts to the prosecutor’s office, the Ministry of Health or a higher ITU bureau. The activities of ITU specialists are carried out at all levels free of charge at the expense of the budget.

How to register a visual disability if ITU specialists refuse?

It is impossible to register disability for any disease, including vision diseases, bypassing the ITU.

If there is a cancellation of the decision of the ITU of the first level by a higher bureau or court, then it is necessary to appear again for re-examination regarding the establishment of disability or a change in its group at the same bureau and provide a document confirming the cancellation of the initial decision.

Decision of the medical commission

An ophthalmologist determines which group of visual disabilities a citizen belongs to. It depends on the causes of visual impairment, the patient’s condition, his physical and psychological characteristics. To be considered disabled, vision must be no better than 0.03 or total blindness must be observed. This is the main reason for providing social assistance, including in material terms.

Classification by disability groups

The table below provides information on the classification of visually impaired people into one of three groups. It is also shown at what level of vision a disability of the first, second or third category is given. The criteria are current for 2021.

The third group of visual disabilities are people with partial loss of visual function who are able to visually inspect the surrounding space. These criteria also apply to minor citizens of the Russian Federation. They are assigned the status of a disabled child, which means they have their own program of benefits and allowances.

Refusal of the medical commission

If a person is refused the status of a visually disabled person, this does not mean anything. He has the right to challenge this decision. It is also worth noting that the situation may change and the deviation from the norm may increase. If one clinic says a citizen is healthy, then it would be more reliable to undergo examination in other medical institutions.

When a person feels that his vision has become worse, it is worth challenging the commission’s refusal in the main bureau, in a federal instance, or in court. The last option is applicable only after negative answers from the social assistance and support service for Russian citizens.

Registration of disability for children

The order of vision for citizens of the Russian Federation has already been discussed above. These rules also apply to children. Moreover, the age of the child does not matter. He is given the status of a disabled child. And the causes of partial or complete blindness in minors are shown on the graph.

Labor activity

People with disabilities have difficulty finding work. This also applies to the problem under consideration. If adult citizens have visual impairment, they must take into account their “shortcomings” when choosing a place of work. For example, do not sit in front of the monitor all day, wear contact lenses or glasses. There are different requirements in the professional field. It is better to study them in advance, keeping in mind the disability group.

Where can a visually impaired person work?

People with complete or partial blindness can continue to work, but with certain restrictions. A person with this status can choose any job in his specialty (with the permission of a doctor).

However, you should avoid industrial facilities with high noise levels, places with an unstable schedule and stressful situations. There is also a ban on working with chemicals and small machinery. Much depends on the group of visual disabilities, as well as the reasons that caused the deviation from the norm.

Benefits for the visually impaired

Citizens of the Russian Federation with the status of visually disabled have the right to receive material assistance, cash payments and benefits. For 2021, social pensions for this population group are provided in the following amounts:

• the first group from the moment of birth (and disabled children) – 12,730 rubles every month;
• the second group from childhood and disabled people of the first group (due to age-related changes or diseases) - 10,600 rubles every month;
• second group – 5300 rubles monthly;
• third group – 4500 rubles monthly.

The amounts are not fixed. The amount of payments may vary depending on the region of the country, as well as the severity of the disease. Additional benefits and social assistance are also provided.

Payments and benefits

The previous section examined the main monetary payments and benefits provided for different groups of visual disabilities. The table below shows the amount of benefits and the daily allowance. It is also worth noting that in addition to monetary assistance, citizens with this status can count on free means of adaptation to the public environment.

Here are just a few examples:

• means for orientation in space (glasses, lenses, guide dog);
• educational materials;
• ocular prostheses.

The causes of visual impairment can be very different. However, the presence of serious deviations leads to social isolation. Therefore, the main purpose of receiving vision impairment is not material assistance, but the possibility of simplified adaptation in society. Employment by profession, the right to travel, study and be on an equal basis with other citizens.

Disability and work activity

After loss of vision, people in most cases remain fit to perform many jobs. However, there are some restrictions. People with such problems should not work in enterprises with high noise levels. In places with unstable work schedules. In positions with constant stressful situations. They are also contraindicated from working with potentially hazardous substances and complex mechanisms.

There are various government programs that help blind people integrate into society and get jobs. However, it is still very difficult for people with disabilities to find employment. This becomes another problem in the lives of blind people.

How to register for a visual disability

It should be noted that the process of obtaining a group cannot be called quick. First of all, a person who has poor vision should visit an ophthalmologist and take a referral to undergo a full medical examination at the medical center at his place of residence. At this stage, information is collected about the general condition of the body and the presence of diseases.

In this case, you will need to undergo a lot of examinations. You may need ultrasound procedures, an electrocardiogram, a magnetic resonance imaging scan and tests.

At the next stage, all medical documentation is signed by the chief physician of the medical institution where the person was examined. Doctors give a referral for a medical and social examination.

The commission decides on the appointment of a group based on:

• a referral signed by the head physician of the medical center for the ITU;
• a person’s written application for certification of rights to receive a group;
• passports (original and photocopy);
• photocopies of the work record book (must be notarized);
• outpatient medical record with all necessary extracts and stamps;
• an act that confirms an injury received during work.

Visual disability can be temporary or permanent. If the commission has decided to present a permanent disability, then the person will not need to undergo the re-examination procedure in the future. In other cases, when the established period ends, the visual disability group will need to be confirmed again, perhaps more than once in a lifetime.

Criteria for assigning a lifelong disability group:

• absolute blindness of both eyes without the possibility of recovery;
• if the acuity of visual function decreases (both eyes), while the acuity of the dominant eye is less than 0.03;
• if surgery is performed, but vision does not improve.

A person has the right to challenge the decision of the ITU commission. But if the commission refuses again and makes the same decision as the first time, then it can only be challenged in court.

If you are denied disability

Citizens who have been denied a degree due to disability have the right to file a complaint about the result obtained by the ITU. Submit an application to the main office. Within 30 days, the citizen is called for re-examination.

You can appeal the decision within 3 months from the date of receipt of the refusal.

If a citizen believes that the group assigned is incorrect, the decision is contested. Submit an application to a higher authority of the ITU.

If the ITU confirms the previously established degree, the citizen has every right to challenge the decision in court in accordance with the code of the Russian Federation.

Compensation under housing legislation

All visually impaired people of group 1 who need improved housing conditions can apply for expansion and provision of housing. Disabled people who registered before 2005 have priority, regardless of the type of budget.

There are a number of federal programs operating on the territory of the Russian Federation that empower local administrations to provide housing for people with disabilities and pay utility bills. The amount of assistance provided by the local budget depends on the following factors:

• Standard cost of utilities per sq.m. in a specific region;
• Local living space standards;
• Minimum contribution for the renovation of an apartment building;
• Average market value sq.m. housing;
• Number of disabled people entitled to social assistance.

Next, we will consider in detail what types of benefits are provided to visually impaired people of group 1 in the housing sector:

• Disabled people living in social institutions who apply for housing under a social tenancy agreement have the right to register regardless of the size of the space they occupy in such institutions;
• A person may be allocated premises that are twice the minimum size of 18 sq.m.;
• The premises provided to a disabled person must be specially equipped to meet his requirements and needs;
• Disabled people and families with disabled children are provided with a 50% discount on utility bills, regardless of the type of housing and ownership of it, and the provision of fuel due to the lack of centralized heating.
• Disabled orphans, upon reaching the age of 18, should be provided with housing out of turn if they are able to live independently without outside help;
• Families with disabled people, single disabled people who have the opportunity to run a household, are given priority land plots for running their own household or individual construction;
• If a disabled person is placed in a social service institution, the living space of state or local funds, which is assigned to him on the basis of a social tenancy agreement, is retained by him for six months.

In order to take advantage of the benefits and compensation provided by the state for visually impaired people of group 1, you must first obtain a disability and study in detail all the features of existing programs at the local level. Each region implements programs that provide special types of benefits, assistance and compensation for the visually impaired, based on the financial capabilities of the local budget.

Benefits for the visually impaired

In addition to social payments and annual one-time benefits, disabled citizens receive free means to adapt to society. They are entitled to the following:

• a dog that is specially trained;
• assistance in obtaining secondary or higher education;
• surgery if necessary to install prostheses.

In addition, the patient is entitled to receive benefits such as a subsidy for utility bills, free travel and treatment at resorts, provision of land, and payments to parents.

The set of benefits is determined depending on the degree of disability.

List of diseases for determining disability for children in 2020

According to the provision of Article 1 of the Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation” No. 181-FZ on the assignment of disability to children in 2020, a disabled child is considered to be a child who has a health disorder associated with a disorder of body functions.

Regardless of what disease the child suffers from and at what stage the development of the pathology is, according to this law, in 2020 on the establishment of disability for children, he can receive this category at the age of 18 years if one of these points is met:

1. There is a permanent disruption of the normal functioning of the body caused by injury, childbirth or illness.
2. There is no opportunity to live, move, talk, study, work and perform self-care activities independently.
3. There is a need for social protection from the state.

The category of disability is not assigned forever, but for a certain period. According to the Federal Law, in Russia disability can be assigned for 1 year, 2 years and 16 years. Then you will need to be examined again to confirm your disability. The period when a child belongs to this category of citizens, he has the right to receive a social pension, the amount of which is indexed every year.

Children with the following list of diseases and functional disorders of the body fall into the disability category in 2021:

• mental disorders;
• disruption of the body's sensory system;
• external physical deformities;
• lack of normal functioning of language and speech;
• violation of body functions associated with the ability to move;
• impaired functioning of the digestive organs, heart, blood vessels, respiratory, endocrine, circulatory, and immune systems;
• diseases associated with urinary dysfunction;
• dysfunction of the skin and related diseases.

Groups for assigning disability to children according to the 2021 Federal Law.

Currently, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, there are the following categories of disability:

• Group I;
• Group II;
• III group.

The first group is one of the most difficult disability categories. Its appropriation is carried out only in case of severe disruption of the functioning of the human body. As a rule, disabled people of group I cannot cope in everyday life without the help of other people.

The first group is usually assigned for the following violations:

• complete or partial absence of visual organs;
• hereditary or congenital diseases that severely damage the functioning of the central nervous system;
• absence of lower limbs;
• hearing damage of 80% or more.

The first group is also assigned for other, equally serious diseases.

Group II disabled people are children who can perform minimal self-care activities without the help of other people, possibly with the use of special equipment. The list of disorders for which this group can be assigned usually consists of diseases such as:

• cirrhosis of the liver;
• visual impairment;
• paraplegia;
• fistula;
• disarticulation of the thigh;
• the presence of one lung in the body or second degree pulmonary insufficiency.

Group III disability is often assigned to children who have limitations due to previous illnesses and injuries. In the future, persons belonging to this category of citizens of the Russian Federation will not have any special restrictions in their work activities, and will receive salaries at the level of other employees, but they are entitled to state social assistance and material support. Group 3 disabilities are considered to be children who have the following health problems:

• speech disorders;
• minor mental disorders;
• pulmonary tuberculosis;
• sensory perception disorders;
• minor manifestations of physical deformity.

Providing benefits

A person with a confirmed disability has the right to develop an individual rehabilitation program (IRP), which makes it possible to obtain the necessary equipment and technical means for work and professional activities, ensuring a decent standard of living.

Providing benefits to the first disability group

The rehabilitation course program includes medical, pedagogical and psychological assistance, as well as socio-economic protection. Their meaning is to compensate for the limitations received by a disabled person or to improve his living conditions. In addition, IPR helps restore a person’s status at the social level, recognize his rights by society and achieve material independence.

Depending on the assigned group, a set of rehabilitation procedures is selected for the disabled person:

• gymnastics;
• medication or spa treatment;
• surgical intervention.

Amounts of social cash pensions paid to various groups of people with disabilities since March 31, 2015:

• disabled people of the first group received from birth, and disabled children - 11,645.69 rubles/month;
• disabled people of the second group, assigned in childhood, as well as disabled people of the first group—9838.21 rubles/month;
• disabled people of the second group (excluding persons with a disability assigned since childhood) - 4325 rubles/month;
• disabled people of the third group - 4153.08 rubles/month.

A visually disabled person is entitled to monthly cash payments

Monthly cash payments (MCP) from April 1, 2015:

When calculating cash payments, living conditions and environmental conditions in the region are taken into account, as well as factors that caused a person to lose his sight (work-related or other injury), so the final amount may be higher

Permitted types of work activities

The degree of a person’s performance and suitability for work is determined at the stage of examination by a medical and social commission. When applying for a job, a disabled person is provided with guarantees in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and a workplace that fully complies with the requirements, sanitary and hygienic conditions and recommendations of the medical and social bureau.

A visually disabled person is not allowed to work at high levels of noise and humidity in the work area, in chemical production, or under the influence of harmful industrial and biological factors. The ban includes activities that involve heavy physical or dynamic stress, neuropsychic stress, characterized by an irregular work schedule or an uncomfortable position of the human body.

A visually disabled person has all the same rights as any other member of society: the right to life, work and protection. That is why, within the framework of the social program for the adaptation of people with disabilities, methods for improving their quality of life, mechanisms for protection and socialization are being developed, and special jobs are being introduced in industries.