Myopia in adolescents: symptoms, causes, treatment methods

Today, in the age of information technology, perhaps every second child from childhood gets the opportunity to access various gadgets. Over time, this makes itself felt when myopia overtakes your child. It's easier to prevent than to treat. There are many traditional methods of prevention. You should not ignore the recommendations of specialists. If, nevertheless, the disease has overtaken, then the question arises: how to treat myopia in adolescents? Is it possible to completely cure this disease? The answer will be positive if you detect the disease in time and resort to one of the proposed treatment methods that are effective for a particular case.

In the article you will get acquainted with overview information about the causes and symptoms of myopia, modern diagnostic capabilities and treatment methods. A set of preventive measures is also offered to your attention.

general characteristics

How to treat myopia in teenagers
Myopia (myopia) is an eye disease in which a person has difficulty distinguishing objects located at a far distance. When viewing objects close up (reading, working at close distances), a myopic person does not experience problems, but distant objects lose clarity.

Myopia in medicine

Myopia is medically called myopia. The name of the disease came to us from the ancient Greek language. The word consists of two components - “squint” and “a person’s vision, his gaze”, this is how the definition of the disease itself appeared. Myopia is a visual impairment in which the visible image is not formed on the retina of the eye, as it should be, but in front of it.

With myopia, parallel rays of light, passing through the refractive media of the eye - the cornea, lens and vitreous body, are focused not on the retina, but in front of it. As a result, the image turns out blurry.

Myopic teenagers have difficulty seeing what is written on the board. Moreover, many children are embarrassed about their disease and do not wear corrective glasses or contacts. As a result, poor vision causes learning delays and poor performance.

This is a wasted sacrifice, since myopia can be cured without surgery. However, the fight against this visual defect can only be achieved by people with great willpower, because correcting myopia involves the use of a whole range of therapeutic measures over a long period of time.

The main danger of the century is technical discoveries. When you give your child a tablet or PC at a young age, you can also present myopathy. And after a while you will wonder where the vision problems and signs of school-age myopia came from.

Many modern experts agree with the opinion that myopathy is a side effect of the progression of technology. The fact is that from a young age, the eyes are subject to excessive stress due to contemplation of computer screens, telephones and televisions. This takes up a large share of the total time, plus school loads. In class you are required to read information on the board, do drawing, and write.

The complex of such loads often entails disruptions in the functioning of the vision system. Hence the result - many teenagers are forced to wear contact lenses or glasses. The disease gradually develops. Initially, it may be false and caused by spasms.

Accommodation caused by constant tension, if ignored and without treatment, will lead to true myopia. But in fairness, it should be said that new technologies are not always to blame for the appearance of myopia. The disease can be congenital or inherited. However, most often the development and progression is caused by the uncontrolled load on the eyes of a teenager during school and at home. The conclusion is logical - allow your eyes to rest in a timely manner.

Symptoms and signs of childhood myopia

It is necessary to analyze the symptoms of deviation from the norm. Congenital pathology can be identified during a routine examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist.

In schoolchildren, the following signs indicate the development of pathology:

forehead wrinkling;
squinting of eyes;
blinking;
low head tilt when drawing or working with books;
looking at toys at close range.

At the same time, objects located nearby are clearly visible, while objects located far away are worse; discomfort, unpleasant pain appears; bothered by headache; fatigue of the visual system occurs.

Mild myopia is a decrease in the clarity of images of objects at long distances. This condition does not have serious health consequences. To prevent further development, it is important to correct it. It is not necessary to wear glasses all the time if the degree is weak.

With moderate myopia, vision of distant objects is impaired. With progression, the distance constantly decreases. Wearing glasses at all times is recommended.

A high degree sharply reduces the clear visibility of distant objects and increases the size of the child’s eyes. False myopia and accommodation spasm may also occur. It differs from the true one by the reversibility of the process. Failure to identify or treat the disease in time will result in false myopia easily developing into true myopia.

Untimely correction of myopia leads to impaired binocular vision, development of strabismus, and amblyopia. An unfavorable complication is vitreous detachment, which contributes to the development of hemorrhage and retinal detachment.

The difficulty in diagnosing the disease lies in children’s lack of understanding of their condition - how well they see the surrounding objects, and the inability to explain this condition to their parents. As a result, school performance decreases; the true problem of the disease remains unnoticed for parents for a long time.

Causes

Today, scientists are increasingly inclined to believe that myopia is a side effect of technological progress. Since the eyes are already subject to excessive visual stress from childhood, thanks to computers, phones and TV. After all, a lot of time in life is spent on them.

Plus school, where you need to read from the blackboard, draw and write. All this together often leads to a malfunction of the visual system, and already in adolescence, quite a lot of children wear glasses or contacts.

It seemed, what does a TV or a computer have to do with it? The thing is that looking at small and moving objects on the screen makes the eyes strain, this leads to a change in the refractive power and an increase in their axis. Which is the main reason for the development of childhood myopia.

At first, the disease may be false, caused by a spasm of accommodation due to constant eye strain, but if this is not noticed in time, then it is true. Of course, the disease can be congenital or hereditary, but often uncontrolled stress on vision at home and at school leads to their development and progression.

Myopia occurs due to a mismatch between the strength of the optical system of the eye and its length. The main reasons are:

Irregular (elongated) shape of the eyeball. The normal length of the anteroposterior axis of the eyeball in an adult is 24 mm. With myopia it can reach 30 mm.
Too much refraction of light rays by the optical system of the eye - the cornea or lens.
Weakness of the accommodative muscle that holds the lens. The lens, elastic and flexible, bends and focuses with the help of this muscle, thanks to which we see clearly both near and far - this is the so-called process of accommodation.
The development of myopia (often manifests itself at school age) is caused by prolonged work at close distances: excessive use of computers and other gadgets, improper lighting, reading in public transport, and so on.

Particular attention should be paid to children - after all, the child often cannot clearly describe the problem, feels discomfort, is irritated, and is capricious. If your baby often rubs his eyes with his hands, squints when he needs to look at distant objects, or tries to bring a book or notebook closer to his eyes, you should immediately visit an ophthalmologist.

Methods for diagnosing congenital myopia

Premature babies must undergo examination using modern diagnostic equipment. Such children are at high risk of developing retinopathy - this pathology affects the retina of the eyeball.

The disease is dangerous because it can lead to complete loss of vision. The cause of the disorders is the incompleteness of the formation processes of the eyeball and retina.

Diagnosis of congenital myopia:

autorefractometer - equipment allows you to measure refraction in both a one-year-old child and newborns, determine the characteristics of the corneal reflex (symmetrical or asymmetrical), measure the diameter of the pupils, the center-to-center distance;
cycloplegia - examination of children is carried out with a dilated pupil, it is necessary to examine the periphery of the fundus;
biomicroscopy - examination using a slit lamp;
determination of the nature of children's vision (binocular, monocular, simultaneous).

It is impossible to independently determine myopia in a 1-year-old child, so the functional features of the visual apparatus should be checked by a specialist. An individually designed treatment regimen will help improve vision and myopia in a one-year-old child will not progress. Until the age of 12, children’s vision can be corrected well, but after adolescence, many negative changes remain irreversible.

Kinds

According to the causes of occurrence, we can divide myopia into several types. Among them are:

Congenital

It is rare - in 2% of cases, the child is born with an eyeball already enlarged in size relative to normal. In the vast majority of cases, myopia manifests itself at school age.

Hereditary

Defects in the synthesis of connective tissue protein (collagen), necessary for the structure of the sclera, are inherited. Weakening of the scleral tissue leads to an increase in the size of the eyeball and, as a result, to the development of myopia. If both parents are myopic, the risk of the child developing myopia is 80%, if one parent is 40%.

Progressive

If vision deteriorates by more than one diopter per year, this is progressive myopia, requiring special attention and treatment. Myopia progresses most intensively in children during school years, when visual stress is especially high.

Myopia can be true, that is, caused by the structural features of the eye, and false - when vision deteriorates due to disturbances of accommodation, and anatomical changes - elongation of the eyeball - do not occur.

False

It is also called “pseudomyopia” or spasmodic myopia, and develops with increased tone of the ciliary muscle. If the tone of the ciliary muscle is brought back to normal, good vision immediately returns to the person.

School

Or myopia in adolescents, arises as a consequence of professional activity. Children are forced to spend a lot of time reading books and computers. This results in weakened accommodation.

This means that the child’s eye can no longer adapt to existing changes and becomes very tired. And this fatigue is tantamount to chronic fatigue; rest simply does not help.

Night

Or crepuscular appears after there is a lack of light. The eye that has emmetropic refraction reacts to this. In this case, the light rays are focused on the retina, but the eye does not react to this in any way, it does not strain. As a result, a person is simply unable to distinguish distant objects.

Strong

Doctors diagnose this type of disease if its degree already exceeds 6.25 diopters. Axial myopia develops if a person has a very large optical axis of the eye.

Causes of congenital myopia

The tendency to myopia may be due to heredity and abnormal development of the child’s visual system in the womb. If the baby’s parents have visual impairments, then there is a high probability that the child will also have myopia.

Hereditary myopia can develop in the first years of a baby’s life, but congenital myopia is diagnosed in newborns. When talking about hereditary myopia, they only mean a predisposition to myopia, while congenital myopia is diagnosed in a child immediately.

Congenital myopia in children - causes:

prematurity - congenital myopia is recorded in one third of babies born prematurely;
fetal hypoxia - under the influence of oxygen deficiency, various disorders of vital organs and the central nervous system occur;
taking medications by the mother of the child in the first trimester of pregnancy, and her history of colds, infectious and viral diseases;
difficult pregnancy, difficult childbirth.

The first examination by an ophthalmologist is carried out in the maternity hospital. The purpose of examining children under one year of age is to identify dangerous pathologies: retinal tumors, glaucoma, cataracts, optic nerve atrophy, inflammatory processes, etc. If a specialist has questions regarding the diagnosis, a full ophthalmological examination is prescribed.

Degrees

In clinical practice, it is customary to talk about three possible options for the degree of myopia, depending on how much vision has deteriorated

A low degree of myopia is characterized by visual impairment of up to 3 diopters.
The average degree is diagnosed if vision is impaired within the range of 3.25 to 6 diopters.
A high degree is set by a doctor if the dioptres exceed 6. The maximum can reach 30 dioptres.

At its core, low myopia is more of a visual feature than a disease. This feature consists of a refractive error within 3 diopters.

Today it is one of the most common conditions worldwide. Among all myopic people, the vast majority suffer from just this degree of myopia. If the refraction is impaired by less than 1 diopter, then it is quite possible that it is just a spasm of accommodation.

It must be remembered that low myopia can progress. Perhaps this is the main danger of this form of pathology. Often, after just a few years, it worsens to a moderate or even severe degree.

Symptoms

At the stage of the appearance and development of myopia in adolescents, the most important aspect is timely diagnosis and stopping the deterioration trends.

Children aged 10, 13 and 17 years need to be especially carefully monitored, since modern myopia is characterized by spasmodic progression. The progression of myopia in these years is due to an increase in eye strain during the periods of schooling, preparation and admission to university.

In order not to miss myopia during these periods, it is necessary to monitor the quality of the teenager’s vision in an informal setting.
Developing myopia manifests itself in the form of symptoms:
Squinting in an attempt to see details at a distance.
Headaches in the temples and eyebrows.
Placing books, phones or other objects close to the eyes.
Frequent blinking or rubbing your eyes.

Any eye disease is accompanied by headaches, and myopia is no exception. The head begins to hurt due to eye fatigue. To look at something in detail, a person is forced to strain his eyesight. In this case, a headache can also appear in a healthy person.

The eyes of a person with myopia become very and often tired. This is especially true for situations when you need to strongly strain your visual muscles in order to look at something. In addition, myopic people complain of eye fatigue during sports and when driving a car.

General physical muscle fatigue also affects the eyes. In this case, the tone of the muscles that hold the eyeball decreases. As a result, the image is formed not on the retina, but in front of it, and the person begins to see poorly. It is good if this phenomenon is temporary, and good vision returns to the person after rest.

How to understand that it is myopia? Signs and symptoms.

Only an ophthalmologist can determine the presence of myopia in a child at an early age. Small children do not complain about poor vision, not understanding what good vision should be. The task of parents is to pay close attention to the visual health of their children, especially if close relatives have one or more cases of myopia in the family.

Please note that you need to make an appointment with an ophthalmologist if:

a baby at 3 months cannot yet focus his gaze on a toy or an object that attracts attention;
strabismus was detected in a child six months or older;
A one-year-old (or older) child brings toys close to his face, squints to look at distant objects, wrinkles his forehead, or blinks frequently.

The schoolchild is already able to inform his parents about visual discomfort when trying to see objects from afar, about eye fatigue during prolonged reading and writing.

Symptoms of myopia in school-age children:

complaints of headaches, fatigue, blurred vision;
the need to bend low over textbooks and notebooks;
redness and inflammation of the eyes.

In such and similar cases, immediately make an appointment with your child to see an ophthalmologist.

Diagnostics

To make the most accurate diagnosis, a comprehensive diagnosis of the visual system is carried out, including:

determination of visual acuity;
measurement of refraction (the ability of the optical system of the eye to refract light rays);
measurement of intraocular pressure;
ultrasound examinations of the internal structures of the eye (including in opaque environments);
diagnosing internal pathologies;
study of the shape and refractive power of the cornea;
visual field examination;
examination of the retina and optic nerve.

Such a comprehensive assessment of the visual system is necessary to understand which treatment methods will be optimal in each specific case.

Treatment

The following methods are used:

Optical correction.
Drug treatment (usually drops and vitamins).
Functional device therapy.

Optical correction

A common method of correcting myopia in adolescents is optical. An ophthalmologist will help you choose the right glasses or contact lenses to create more comfortable working conditions for your visual organs. The issue of the need to wear glasses for myopia was discussed on this page.

By applying optical correction, taking into account the implementation of other mandatory doctor’s recommendations, after 1-2 years you can observe stabilization and complete cessation of the process of vision loss. Contrary to popular belief, you don't have to wear glasses all your life. After proper treatment, they usually do not return.

Drug treatment

As for drug treatment, it is aimed at strengthening and simultaneously relaxing the eye muscles. This gives a very high-quality effect, since in a myopic teenager they are tense for quite a long time.

Drugs that strengthen the sclera, improve blood circulation, stimulate metabolism and relieve accommodation may be prescribed. This treatment is carried out 2 times a year.

Treatment in this case will be aimed at relaxing the eye muscles, because in a teenager with myopathy they are in constant tension. Special medications are selected individually that help strengthen the sclera, stimulate the function of normal blood circulation, and provoke relaxation of accommodation.

Functional device therapy

Hardware correction of myopia involves a set of therapeutic and restorative measures aimed at increasing performance and reducing fatigue of the visual organs. Light stimulation, magnetic, quantum, and other types of therapy can be used here.

The complex of physiotherapeutic procedures includes a set of special exercises that help eliminate eye strain, and hardware therapy. A specialist can offer a teenager suffering from a disease light, static-dynamic, laser, magnetic and electrical stimulation.

What helps cure false myopia?

The practice of electropuncture contributes to the treatment of false myopia, as well as normal myopia. The method involves providing a targeted effect on certain points that are interconnected with the functioning of the vision system.

Such procedures can hardly be called scary; they do not cause pain. This therapy helps improve the functioning of the entire body.

In exceptional cases, surgical intervention is also allowed to change the shape of the cornea in order to ensure correct refraction of rays. This improves the clarity of distance vision.

The use of scleroplasty is advisable if myopia develops too rapidly. It is used to slow down uncontrolled rapid vision loss in a teenager. This intervention itself does not affect the quality of vision. However, it is often performed in tandem with special correction.

Untimely treatment of myopia can worsen the situation over time, leading to retinal detachment or uncontrolled growth of the eyeballs. It will be much more difficult to cure these disorders than to carry out basic lifestyle corrections for preventive purposes.

False myopia in children and its treatment

Impaired functioning of the eye muscle, which normally provides the ability to clearly examine objects regardless of distance, is a false form. When the accommodative muscle spasms, visual acuity decreases.

It appears in schoolchildren. This is facilitated by visual stress, poor lighting of the workplace, weakened tone of the neck and back muscles, improper daily routine, physical fitness, unbalanced diet, non-compliance with visual hygiene rules, and psychological imbalance of the child.

It manifests itself as a deterioration in visual acuity, severe headaches, pain in the temples, forehead, eyes, and fatigue. It is reversible, treatment restores vision. If detected late and not treated properly, it can become true myopia.

Treatment of myopia with folk remedies

It is well known that blueberries help improve vision best of all plants - they contain many useful vitamins and microelements for the eyes. Stock up on the fruits of the plant all year round by freezing them first. Eat 2-3 tablespoons of medicinal raw materials daily, chewing them thoroughly.

Traditional medicine recommends the following recipes for myopia:

Pour five tablespoons of pine needles into half a liter of boiling water and simmer for twenty minutes; leave the broth overnight and filter in the morning. Take the composition three times a day after meals for thirty days, a tablespoon.

Grind and mix one tablespoon of stinging nettle and three tbsp. spoons of rowan fruits; take four tablespoons of the resulting mixture and pour 8 cups of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, filter.

Drink the decoction warm three or four times a day, half a glass, for thirty days in a row, then every half month you need to stop for five days; You can add a little fresh honey to improve the taste.

Therapeutic exercises for the eyes

Gymnastics for the eyes for myopia has a therapeutic effect due to the fact that all exercises help restore and improve blood supply to the eye tissues, train the eye muscles and thus increase visual acuity. Gymnastics for myopia (myopia) is most effective if used in combination with medication, correctional and physiotherapeutic treatment.

Regularly performing the eye exercises described below for myopia will gradually lead to a significant improvement in the condition of the eye muscles - they will become stronger and more resilient.

Exercise 1. Open your eyes and try to draw a figure eight in the air. Do this slowly and smoothly, without making sudden movements. Repeat 5-7 times.
Exercise 2. Extend your right arm forward, raise it to the level of your eyes. Look at your thumb for a few seconds. Then begin to smoothly move your hand to the right, without taking your eyes off the fixed point. You need to keep your head straight. Repeat the same exercise with your left hand. Do the complex 5-7 times.
Exercise 3. Look straight ahead into the distance for a few seconds, and then raise your hand so that your finger is 30 cm from your eyes. Look at him and then back into the distance. Repeat the exercise 10-15 times.
Exercise 4. Raise your hand and again place your finger 30 cm from your eyes. Look at its tip for 5 seconds. Then close your left eye and continue looking with your right. After that, open the left one, close the right one and repeat the exercise for myopia. Do 10-12 times.
Exercise 5. Extend your hand with a pencil forward. Move it from side to side, following it with your eyes. The head should remain motionless while performing the exercise.
Exercise 6. Place your feet shoulder-width apart and your hands on your waist. Slowly turn your head left and right, focusing your gaze as you move. Repeat these exercises for myopia 20 times in each direction.
Exercise 7. Open your eyes wide, then squint, and then lower your eyelids. Repeat 20 times. This eye exercise for myopia is very useful and is aimed at ensuring that a person can see any objects without squinting.

In order for the exercises from the eye gymnastics complex for myopia to be more effective, it is necessary to select the optimal diet: a balanced diet with proteins and carbohydrates and a sufficient amount of vitamins for the eyes. Vitamins of group A, E, C in the general complex of consumption help to improve vision (on average) by approximately ten percentage points.

Vitamin A is found in eggs, carrots and yellow peppers with avocados.
Vitamins of group E are found in wheat sprouts, rye sprouts, nuts and fish.
Vitamin C is found in large quantities in fresh fruit and, if your local store does not have fresh fruit, you can use preserves and marmalades that you make yourself.

Plums, oranges can be used as the main raw materials, and viburnum and blueberries are especially rich in vitamin C. Preparations made from blueberries are the main recommendations of ophthalmologists in the first stages of myopia, and if used in parallel with performing eye exercises for myopia, this can have a very good result.

Diet

The main recommendation for a diet for myopia is to contain sufficient amounts of protein in foods. This group includes meat, fish and eggs. In this case, you should limit your consumption of animal fats. Therefore, preference should be given to dietary products: beef, rabbit, poultry, seafood. It is better to steam them, bake them in the oven or stew them.

Other foods that are considered “protective” foods include:

Coarse bread. Skip the sweet buns in favor of whole grain or bran baked goods.
Vegetarian soups. You can use light fish or chicken broth as a base.
Vegetables. Load up on vitamin D, found in nature's yellow bounty. In addition to carrots and bell peppers, spinach, parsley and green onions will also benefit your eyesight. Don't forget about seaweed.
Oat and buckwheat groats. These porridges are best suited as a side dish, but you need to be careful with pasta. You can treat yourself to spaghetti made from durum wheat no more than once a week.
Dried fruits. Dried apricots, raisins and prunes will be excellent substitutes for unhealthy sweets and chocolate.
Dairy products. Kefir and natural yogurt help the intestines work, strengthening the body's protective resources.
For drinks, doctors recommend green tea and freshly squeezed juices. The diet can be diluted with decoctions of rose hips and hawthorn, fruit drinks from cranberries and currants.

The category of harmful products includes:

sugar (better replaced with stevia);
smoked meats and sausages;
homemade pickles;
spicy and salty dishes;
strong black tea, cocoa, coffee;
carbonated drinks;
alcohol;
fast food.

It is better not to abuse dishes from the “dangerous” list. If you absolutely cannot do without crispy pickles or a cup of aromatic coffee, try to gradually reduce their consumption. Arrange for yourself “reverse fasting days” - once a month you can treat yourself.

Prevention

If you have myopia, during complex treatment, follow a daily routine - alternating rest and work, accustom yourself to long walks in the fresh air; switch to a balanced diet rich in microelements and vitamins. Parents should take care of their child from the moment of birth.

Hanging colorful toys and garlands with balls should be done taking into account their distance from the eyes and placed correctly according to color. The garlands are hung at arm's length from the baby's eyes so that he can reach the balls with his fingertips.

Watch your posture

When reading a book or working at the computer, keep your back straight. The monitor should be 10 cm above eye level. As a measure to prevent myopia in children, schools should change the location of workstations several times a year. This way, the child will not get used to looking at the board from one angle.

Keep your distance

One of the main conditions for preventing myopia is to avoid excessive eye strain. Therefore, when performing any work at close range, make sure that the book, notebook or computer monitor is 30-40 cm away from the child.

When reading, the visual axes of the eyes are brought together and fixed on the text. The closer the object, the more effort we make to focus on it and the closer the eye axes converge. This leads to a spasm of accommodation and can cause temporary myopia, which can develop into permanent.

Give your eyes a rest

Prolonged work with close objects negatively affects the health of a child’s eyes, increasing the risk of myopia. Their muscles are in constant tone, the pupil practically does not change its width, the lens is overstrained. In addition, when we work at a monitor for a long time, we begin to blink less often.

What can trigger the development of myopia?

A person looks from the screen to the keyboard, and the brain mistakenly records this movement as a lowering of the eyelid. As a result, the surface of the cornea dries out, causing dryness, burning and discomfort in the eyes. Such symptoms can provoke the development of myopia.

To prevent this, take breaks from work every 40 minutes. It is unacceptable for a child of primary school age to spend more than one and a half hours a day in front of a monitor or TV screen.

Do not read in transport or while lying down

The habit of entertaining yourself with reading on the way to work or home can have a detrimental effect on the health of your eyes. Due to uneven road surfaces, the book or phone will constantly be slightly shaking, which is why the accommodation apparatus will have to adjust every second to the changing focus.

This will lead to rapid eye fatigue and, as a result, the development of myopia. Such overloads are especially dangerous for a child, since his visual apparatus is at the stage of formation. Reading while lying in bed is also unacceptable.

In this position, the blood vessels of the neck are pinched, and the eyes do not receive sufficient nutrition. Additionally, if you read while lying on your side, one edge of the book is further away from your eyes than the other, making focusing much more difficult.

Use the right lighting

To prevent and prevent excessive eye strain, adequate lighting is very important. At the same time, the rays of the sun are the most useful for our visual apparatus. When arranging a child’s workplace, place the table to the right of the window - so the light will fall at the right angle.

The window sill should be free and the curtains should be light so that the rays pass unhindered into the room. If you have to do visual work in the evening, provide yourself with even lighting by combining general light with a desk lamp.

Protect your eyes from UV rays

It is important to remember that excessively bright light also contributes to the development of myopia, as does insufficient lighting. When direct rays hit our eyes, we begin to squint, and the pupil is constantly narrowed and tense. Therefore, on a cloudless summer day, it is important to wear sunglasses and hats with wide brims or a visor. In addition, such a protective measure will protect you and your child not only from myopia, but also from heat stroke.

Causes of myopia in schoolchildren

The following possible causes of myopia are distinguished:

insufficient illumination of the child’s workplace;
chronic fatigue;
too much strain on the visual apparatus;
habit of spending a long time in front of a computer or TV;
too poor nutrition, pronounced vitamin deficiency.

To maintain visual function, consuming foods that contain vitamin A is of great importance.

Nowadays, most children have various electronic devices. Their improper use can lead to vision impairment. For example, many teenage students actively use e-books for reading. But if you make the screen too dim or too bright, or set the font too small, your eyes will be strained.

In the development of myopia, the hereditary factor is of great importance. Premature babies born before the 36th week of pregnancy also often have vision problems. Often, myopia is diagnosed before they reach school age.